ABSTRACT
Negative energy balance [NEB] during first days of calving can cause metabolic and reproductive diseases in dairy cows. To evaluate the prevalence of hyperketonemis and its relationship with periparturient diseases in dairy cows of the Qom province, Iran. Two hundred and seven cows were being investigated over 2- 4 weeks after parturition in dairy farms of Qom. Serum levels of beta-hydroxy butyric acid [BHBA] concentrations of blood were measured to evaluate subclinical ketosis. All cows were clinically examined and any diseases which have been occurred during early two months after birth values were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests to compare mean values of serum BHBA concentrations in different groups and Pearson test for finding any relationship between groups. Cows showed retained placenta [n= 20, 9.56%], metritis [n= 2, 0.95%], milk fever [n= 3, 1.44%], laminitis [n= 1, 0.47%], clinical ketosis [n= 2, 0.95%], mastitis [n= 3, 1.44%], hepatic lipidosis [n= 1, 0.47%] and left displacement of abomasums [LDA] [n= 2, 0.95%]. Parturition number, live bodyweight of newborn calves and previous open days in cows with higher than 1 mmol/L BHBA concentrations, were significantly greater than those cows with BHBA concentration lower than 1 mmol/L [p<0.05]. While 55.17% of the cows with higher than 1 mmol/L BHBA concentration showed different post parturition diseases, 6.8% cows with lower than 1 mmol/L BHBA concentrations have been involved with such diseases. In this respect, two groups showed significant difference [p<0.05]. Since periparturient diseases of dairy cows showes significant relationship with hyperketonemia, both condition should be cousidered in veterinary care
ABSTRACT
To describe the methodology and implementation of the investigation for prevakaice causes of visual impairment in Tehran province.This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on all urban and rural residents of Tehran province in 2003. A stratified cluster random sampling with probability proportional procedure was used. First, best pinhole-corrected visual acuity [BPCVA] was determined habitual visual acuity [VA] by an optometrist. Cases of BPCVA 20/60 in either eye 'awe ophthalmologist for detection of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity [BSCVA] and mail visual impairment [VA< /- 0/60] including low vision [VA< 20/60-20/400] and blindness [VA< according to BPCVA and BSCVA. Epidemiologic aspects and response rates in each phase of the study are presented.Of 13 24% invited subjects, 1 l 975 persons participated in the first step of the stay primary response rate: 90.4%]. Of these, 760 cases [6.3%] with BPCVA /- 50 years. [P<0.001] No children below the age 4 years were referred. The referral rate was not different between male [6.8%] and female [6.0%] subjects. Secondary participation rate was greater in male [85.8%] than female [64.4%] subjects [P<0.001], but there was no difference between rural and urban residents or between the age groups in this aspect. Despite good primary participation rate, the age and sex distribution of the study population was different from the reference population which highlights the need for planning an effective sampling procedure. The prevalence rates should be standardized for age and sex